Posts Tagged chemotherapy drugs
Mesothelioma Chemotherapy-A Basic Overview
Posted by in Uncategorized on October 14th, 2009
Chemotherapy is one of the commonly used conventional treatments for mesothelioma cancer. Chemotherapy is cancer treatment with anti-cancer drugs. There are 2 main ways that anti cancer drugs can be administered:
1- Chemotherapy can be given systematically. In systemic therapy, the anti cancer drugs are swallowed in pill form or injected into a vein. The drug enters the bloodstream and circulates throughout the body to get to the cancer cells wherever they may be and kill them.
2-Chemotherapy can also be administered locally. In this form of delivery, the chemotherapy drugs may be given intrapleurally (directly into the chest cavity) or intraperitoneally (into the abdominal cavity) through a small incision in the chest or abdominal wall. This approach may allow doctors to give higher doses of chemotherapy to the tumor while limiting the side effects to the rest of the body. Chemotherapy drugs given this way may be heated first (hyperthermic chemotherapy), which may help them work better.
Chemotherapy may be given as an addition to surgery; it could be administered before or after the surgery. When it is given before the surgery it is referred to as neoadjuvant therapy and when it is given after surgery it is referred to as adjuvant therapy.
For advanced tumors that are not operable, chemotherapy can be used as the main form of treatment (alone or along with radiation therapy). Chemotherapy may slow the progression of the disease, but it is very unlikely to give a total cure.
Chemotherapy is given in cycles, with each period of treatment followed by a rest period to allow the body time to recover. Chemotherapy cycles generally last about 3 to 4 weeks. Chemotherapy is often not recommended for patients in poor health, but advanced age by itself is not a barrier to getting chemotherapy.
Several chemotherapy drugs have been used to treat mesothelioma. The most commonly used chemo combination to treat mesothelioma is the combination of pemetrexed (Alimta) and cisplatin. Pemetrexed interferes with levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 in the body, so these must also be given to avoid certain side effects.
Other chemotherapy drugs used to treat mesothelioma include:
• gemcitabine
• carboplatin
• methotrexate
• vincristine
• vinblastine
• mitomycin
• doxorubicin
• epirubicin
• cyclophosphamide
• ifosfamide
These drugs are usually given in combinations of 2 or more, but single drugs can be used in people who may not be able to tolerate combinations of drugs. Several other drugs are also being studied to determine their effectiveness in treating mesothelioma.
Side effects of chemotherapy drugs
The mode of action of chemotherapy drugs is to attack rapidly diving cancer cells in the tumor growth, but in doing so they also attack other normal rapidly diving cells of the body like those in the bone marrow, the lining of the mouth and intestines, and in the hair follicles. These cells are also likely to be affected by chemotherapy, which can lead to the development of side effects.
The side effects of chemotherapy depend on the type and dose of drugs you are given and on how long they are used for. These side effects can include:
• hair loss known medically as alopecia
• mouth sores
• loss of appetite also known medically as anorexia
• nausea and vomiting
• increased chance of infections (due to low white blood cell counts)
• easy bruising or bleeding (due to low blood platelet counts)
• fatigue (due to low red blood cell counts)
These side effects are usually temporary and usually disappear once treatment is over. There are often ways to lessen these side effects. For example, there are drugs that can be given to help prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting. Be sure to ask your doctor or nurse about medicines to help reduce side effects, and let him or her know when you do have side effects so they can be managed effectively.
Some of these chemotherapy drugs also have side effects that are peculiar to them. For example, cisplatin can cause nerve damage. This nerve damage can sometimes lead to hearing loss or abnormal sensations in the hands and feet such as pain, burning or tingling sensations, hypersensitivity to cold or heat, or weakness. (This is called peripheral neuropathy.) In most cases this goes away once treatment is stopped, but it may last a long time in some people.
All side effects should be promptly reported to your health team once they are noticed when you are on chemotherapy so that they can be dealt with promptly. Sometimes the dosage of the drugs will have to be reduced or treatment will have to be temporarily stopped or delayed to prevent the side effects from getting worse.
Bello kamorudeen.For more information on Mesothelioma treatment go to http://www.mesotheliomacorner.blogspot.com
Mesothelioma Chemotherapy-What is the Role of Cisplatin?
Posted by in Uncategorized on October 6th, 2009
Mesothelioma chemotherapy is one of the major conventional ways of treating mesothelioma and one of the commonly used chemotherapy agents is Cisplatin.
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication that contains platinum. This element is used to treat several forms of asbestos cancer, including mesothelioma.Most often, Cisplatin is used in combination with other chemotherapy agents to increase its effectiveness.
Cisplatin has been on the market for some time, though it was generally found to be ineffective in treating mesothelioma, but when used in combination with the new chemotherapy drug Alimta, which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2005, Cisplatin has proven to be an effective medication. The Alimta and Cisplatin combination is now considered to be one of the most effective chemotherapy treatments for pleural mesothelioma patients that are suitable for surgery.
Because the drug was introduced approximately 30 years ago and was the first in its class of alkylating agents, it often causes more side effects than newer chemotherapy drugs. Because of this, doctors will have tried other chemotherapeutic drugs before recommending treatment with Cisplatin.
If you are placed on Cisplatin you should discuss any potential concerns with your doctor. Make sure to review statistics on the effectiveness of Cisplatin and Alimta, the administration of the drug combination, and the side effects that patients encounter with treatment. It is imperative to take a B12 supplement orally starting a week before treatment begins, as well as weekly B12 shots throughout treatment. Patients should also take folic acid supplements daily (by mouth), which will continue for 21 days after the last dosage cycle of Cisplatin and Alimta.
Most times oral steroids are also prescribed along with this drug to help minimize side effects such as skin rash. If you are on other medications, either prescriptions or non-prescriptions such as supplements, you must inform their physician to avoid potential serious drug interactions.
Cisplatin in combination with Alimta is given to mesothelioma patients every 21 days on an outpatient basis, usually at a hospital or cancer treatment center. The treatment consists of a dose of Alimta by IV (which typically lasts about 10 to 15 minutes), followed by Cisplatin (which takes approximately two hours to administer). The number of cycles required will depend on the patient’s response to medications, as well as any side effects experienced.
Side Effects
Side effects of Cisplatin and Alimta are usually mild to moderate for most patients with pleural mesothelioma, and include:
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Fatigue
• Thinned or brittle hair
• Loss of appetite or weight
• Diarrhea
• Changes in taste
• Numbness or tingling in the fingertips and toes
• Kidney toxicity
• Low white blood cells (neutropenia)
• Low red blood cells (anemia)
Patients experiencing any of the following symptoms should immediately call their doctor:
• Unusual bruising or bleeding
• Black stools
• Fever
• Chills
• Dizziness
• Diarrhea
• Shortness of breath or wheezing
• Swelling of the feet or ankles
• Seizures
• Rash
You may sometimes experience extreme side effects, which should be reported to your doctor immediately. Cisplatin can also cause severe kidney damage so it is important to take plenty of fluids during treatment with this chemotherapy agent.
Bello kamorudeen.For more info mesothelioma treatment visit http://www.mesotheliomacorner.blogspot.com
Article Source: Mesothelioma Chemotherapy-What is the Role of Cisplatin?
Mesothelioma Chemotherapy-How You Can Reduce The Side Effect Of Hair Loss
Posted by in Uncategorized on September 30th, 2009
Mesothelioma chemotherapy drugs work by selectively targeting and killing the rapidly growing cell of the mesothelioma tumor. Unfortunately however these drugs also tend to affect the normal healthy rapidly dividing cells of the body leading to the death of normal healthy tissues in the body thereby causing side effects. These side effects causes a lot of anxiety in cancer patients although they might not as bad as you will expect.
The normal cells most likely to be affected are blood forming cells in the bone marrow, hair follicles; and cells in the mouth, digestive tract, and reproductive system. Some chemo drugs can damage cells in the heart, kidneys, bladder, lungs, and nervous system. In some cases, medicines called cytoprotective drugs may be given with the chemo to protect the body’s normal cells.
One of the commonest side effects of chemotherapy is hair loss also known as alopecia.This can be devastating experience, especially in women. Not all chemo drugs will make you lose your hair. Some people have mild thinning that they only notice. Your doctor will be able to tell you if your medicines are likely to make you lose your hair.
When you lose hair during treatments it will usually grow back after treatment although it might be of different color or texture.
You can lose your hair on all parts of your body, not just your head. Facial hair, including eyelashes and eyebrows; arm and leg hair; underarm hair; and pubic hair all may be affected. It usually doesn’t happen right away. More often, hair loss begins after a few treatments. At that point, your hair may fall out slowly or in clumps. Any hair that remains may become dull and dry.
These following steps will help to reduce hair loss when you are on chemotherapy:
* Use mild shampoos.
* Use soft hair brushes.
* Use low heat if you must use a hair dryer.
* Don’t use brush rollers to set your hair.
* Don’t dye your hair or get a perm.
* Have your hair cut short. A shorter style will make your hair look thicker and fuller. It also will make hair loss easier to deal with if it does happen.
* Use a sunscreen, hat, scarf, or wig to protect your scalp from the sun.
* Use a satin pillowcase.
Sometimes, either during the regrowth of your hair or when you are bald, your scalp may feel extra tender, dry, and itchy. Keeping your scalp clean by using a moisturizing shampoo and conditioner may help. Use gentle creams or lotions on your scalp as needed. Even a gentle scalp massage may make your scalp feel better.
After chemo, it is advised that you wait till your hair returns to normal before you use hair dyes,{this takes about 6 months after completion of treatment}as hair dyes are known to contain chemicals like peroxide that can damage the hair and chemotherapy might make the damage worse.
Bello kamorudeen.For more information on mesothelioma chemotherapy visit http://www.mesotheliomacorner.blogspot.com
Article Source: Mesothelioma Chemotherapy-How You Can Reduce The Side Effect Of Hair Loss
Mesothelioma Chemotherapy-How to Reduce the Side Effects of Nausea and Vomiting
Posted by in Uncategorized on September 30th, 2009
Chemotherapy drugs for mesothelioma cancer work by targeting and killing rapidly growing cancer cells but because these drugs are transported round the body they also affect other normal rapidly dividing healthy cells of the body thus leading to normal cell destruction which causes most of the side effects attributed to them. Although side effects are not always as bad as you might expect, many people worry about this part of their cancer treatment.
The commonest side effects of chemotherapy are:
-nausea and vomiting
-hair loss
-fatigue (tiredness)
-increased chance of bruising and bleeding
-anemia (low red blood cell count)
-infection
Nausea and vomiting are 2 of the most common and most dreaded side effects of chemo. How often you feel these side effects and how bad they are depend on the drugs you are getting and how they affect you.
Nausea and vomiting may start during treatment and last a few hours. Sometimes, but less often, severe nausea and vomiting can last for a few days. Be sure to tell your doctor or nurse if you are very nauseated, if you have been vomiting for more than a day, or if your nausea is so bad that you cannot keep liquids down.
You can reduce this nausea and vomiting by changing the way you eat and using certain drugs that help to reduce the impulse to nauseate and vomit{these drugs are called anti emetics}. There are different kind of anti emetic drugs,and you might need to try more than one drug before you will find the one that actually works best for you.
About half of the people getting chemo feel queasy even before treatment begins. This is called anticipatory nausea, and it is very real. The best way to handle anticipatory nausea is by taking effective anti-emetics to prevent vomiting, and by using relaxation techniques.
These following measures will help to reduce nausea and vomiting:
-Do not take big meals that make your stomach too full at time. Eat frequent, small meals throughout the day instead of 1, 2, or 3 large meals.
-Drink liquids at least an hour before or after mealtime instead of with your meals.
- Eat and drink slowly.
-Avoid sweet, fried, or fatty foods.
-Let your meals be at room temperature or at cold temperatures when you want to eat so that you wont perceive the strong smell and aroma of the meals.
-Try and chew your food well before swallowing so that it can digest easily.
-If nausea is a problem in the morning, try eating dry foods, such as cereal, toast, or crackers, before getting up. (Don’t try this if you have mouth or throat sores or are troubled by a dry mouth.)
-Drink cool, clear liquids, such as apple juice, tea, or ginger ale that has lost its fizz.
-Suck on ice cubes, mints, or tart candies. (Don’t eat tart candies if you have mouth or throat sores.)
-Try to avoid odors that bother you, such as cooking smells, smoke, or perfume.
-Rest in a chair after eating, but don’t lie flat for at least 2 hours after you’ve finished your meal.
-Wear loose-fitting clothes.
-Breathe deeply and slowly when you feel nauseated.
-Get your mind off the disease and your treatment by talking with friends or family members, listening to music, or watching a movie or TV show.
Bello kamorudeen. http://www.mesotheliomacorner.blogspot.com
Article Source: Mesothelioma Chemotherapy-How to Reduce the Side Effects of Nausea and Vomiting
Oral Mesothelioma Chemotherapy-Important Facts For You To Know
Posted by in Uncategorized on September 29th, 2009
Chemotherapy which involves the use of anti cancer drugs to treat cancer is one of the main ways of treating mesothelioma cancer, there are many types of chemotherapy (chemo) that can be taken as a liquid, tablet, or capsule. Oral chemo is any drug you are taking by mouth to treat your cancer. Oral chemo does not need to be injected into the body. Chemo taken by mouth is as strong as the other forms and works just as well. One of the best ways you can help fight your cancer is by taking your chemo exactly as your health team directs you to.
There are also other chemotherapy agents that can not be taken orally as the stomach can not absorb such drugs very well while some of the other chemotherapy agents are actually toxic to the body if taken orally. In fact, quite a number of chemotherapy agents are administered intravenously through an IV line directly into the blood. Oral chemotherapy however is much more easier to take and it can be taken at home.You don’t need to go into a hospital or clinic for every treatment.
Sometimes chemo is given in cycles. This cuts down on the harm to healthy cells and allows the drugs to kill more cancer cells. Your doctor will decide if you need to get your treatment every day, every week, every few weeks, or every month.
Before you start taking oral chemotherapy here are some issues that you must discuss with your health team:
- What is the name of the chemotherapy drug you are about to start using? Does it go by some other names?
-How does the drug work?How will it make me feel?
-Are the directions for taking the drugs easy to follow?
- How are my chemotherapy drugs will there be in my drug combination?
- What if I have trouble swallowing and keeping down the pills? Can they be opened, broken, or crushed?
-How often should i take it?When should I take it?
-Is it safe to take it with other drugs, food, vitamins, herbs, supplements, or other treatments you use?
-What should I do if I miss a dose?
-How should I store it?
-What are the likely side effects? How should I report them if I have them? How can I get in touch with you if I have trouble late at night or over the weekend?
-How long will I need to take the oral chemo?For how long will my therapy last?
-Will my insurance pay for oral chemo?
- Will my other health problems stop me from being able to follow your instructions? Is there a chance my other health problems could make me forget to take my oral chemo?
-Will you be calling me to find out how I am doing with the chemo? How often will you need to see me in the office?
Before starting oral chemo, discuss any concerns or questions you have with your health team. Get answers to all of your questions about oral chemo before you start taking it.
You should have clear and specific instructions on how and when to use your chemotherapy drugs. Make sure you follow your health teams instructions to the letter, do not adjust the instructions you were given at all.Take it all just the way your doctor or nurse has told you to.
If you start experiencing problems let your doctor know about them as soon as possible. For instance, if you are throwing up or feel sick to your stomach, you may feel too sick to take your chemo. Or, if you are throwing up, you may not be able to keep your chemo down and may throw up your treatment dose. Your doctor needs to know about any problems so he or she can tell you about whether or not you need changes in your treatment plan.
Bello kamorudeen.For more information on mesothelioma treatment go to http://www.mesotheliomacorner.blogspot.com
Article Source: Oral Mesothelioma Chemotherapy-Important Facts For You To Know
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Mesothelioma and Chemotherapy
Posted by in Uncategorized on September 6th, 2009
Chemotherapy treats mesothelioma with drugs that has an ability to get rid of cancerous cells. Health care providers use chemotherapy to reduce a tumor size before surgery. This in turn will ensure that immunotherapy and radiation therapy is going to be lot more effective in destroying cancerous cells. If you cannot go for a surgery because of your health, chemotherapy can be used as a stand-alone treatment.
Mesothelioma Research
Lots of research is being conducted in the chemotherapy field for people suffering from mesothelioma. According to Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, tremendous progress has been made in the systemic treatment of mesothelioma within the past three years. Researchers are studying the effect of standby drugs like cisplatin, endostatin, gemcitabine and alimta on mesothelioma patients.
Chemotherapy Drugs for Mesothelioma
Your health care provider can give chemotherapy drugs as single agents, but quite a number of times, more than two drugs are given simultaneously. This is commonly known as combination therapy. Investigational drug like Alimta is combined with standard drugs such as gemcitabine and cisplatin. Talking about Alimta, it is widely been regarded as an expanded option for people suffering from mesothelioma.
When mesothelioma makes its presence felt, there is a strong possibility that abnormal cells multiply out of control. It is the responsibility of anticancer drugs to destroy cancer cells and stop the process of multiplying. Unfortunately, there is always a chance of healthy cells also getting destroyed. You are going to face plenty of side effects in this scenario.
The cells that are going to be destroyed are the quick growing normal cells including blood cells and digestive tract cells. Blood cells make its mark in bone marrow. On the other hand, digestive tract cells include esophagus, stomach, mouth and intestines.
There can also be an impact on the hair follicles. Hair loss during chemotherapy is always a possibility. There are number of chemotherapy drugs that have an impact on the vital organs cells including heart, nervous system, kidney and lungs.
Chemotherapy Protocol for Mesothelioma
Before you start a chemotherapy protocol, it is advisable that you interact with your health care provider and come up with a treatment option where not much side effects are associated. Some of the questions that you need to ask your health care provider before starting a chemotherapy protocol are mentioned below.
How many treatments you need to go through?
What drugs you are going to get at the time of treatment?
What is the duration of each treatment?
Normal cells are definitely going to recover once chemotherapy is finished. After the completion of treatment, majority of side effects will disappear.
The author is a University of Sydney graduate. The author writes articles for various websites and blogs.
For more information on mesothelioma, please visit MESOBLOG.ORG.
Mesothelioma Chemotherapy-What are your options?
Posted by in Uncategorized on July 3rd, 2009
Chemotherapy generally means the use of drugs to treat diseases and ailments, but the term is used more commonly to describe the use of anticancer drugs. These drugs treat cancer by killing the cancerous cells.
Anti cancer drugs work by specifically targeting certain processes in cancerous cells to stop cell division and multiplication ultimately leading to the death of the cancerous cells. These drugs are however not highly specific in their mode of action and in addition to killing cancerous cells, anti cancer drugs also kill normal healthy cells such as those involved in hair growth.
There are several options for chemotherapy of mesothelioma cancer. Most of these drugs have side effects like nausea, vomiting, loss of hair, loss of appetite and decreased immunity which makes them more susceptible to infections. Any symptoms experienced while undergoing treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs should be reported to the doctor.
Many patients will consider chemotherapy as a treatment option. Understanding the various chemotherapy options and available treatments often helps patients and their loved ones make the best decision for their personal situation. Evaluating Chemotherapy Options Deciding the best chemotherapy option for treating specific mesothelioma cases depends on a number of factors, including the type of mesothelioma, the stage of the disease, and other treatment being used by the victim. Factors such as overall physical health and age are also taken into consideration when planning a chemotherapy treatment plan.
Currently more than 100 chemotherapy drugs are on the market but only a handful have proven to be appropriate for fighting mesothelioma. In most cases, doctors treating mesothelioma patients recommend combination therapy – the tandem use of two different chemotherapy drugs. These combination’s have been proven to be the most successful in treating the cancer.
All treatment options will be thoroughly discussed with the patient’s oncologist{specialist cancer doctor} before a decision is made. Patients should provide a full disclosure of their medical history, including details of any prescriptions and over-the-counter medications being taken to ensure treatment is administered with the most appropriate chemotherapeutic agent.
Currently, the most common chemotherapy drugs for mesothelioma include Alimta (the only FDA-approved drug specifically designed for the treatment of mesothelioma), Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Onconase, Gemcitabine, and Navelbine. The medications are usually administered conventionally (by IV or pill form), or may be used in a newer treatment method called heated chemotherapy.
Can Chemotherapy Cure Mesothelioma?
No it can not cure the cancer, currently there is no proven cure for mesothelioma. However, chemotherapy can help control symptoms and shrink tumors and is largely used as a palliative measure to help improve the patient’s quality of life. The development of combination treatments has proved successful in achieving longer survival rates and researchers continue to look for new ways to fight this terrible disease.
Bello Kamorudeen is an health worker and author of several mesothelioma articles.For more information on mesothelioma treatments go to http://www.mesotheliomacorner.blospot.com
Article Source: Mesothelioma Chemotherapy-What are your options?
Mesothelioma Clinical Trial-An overview of three important clinical trials
Posted by in Uncategorized on July 2nd, 2009
Clinical trials are used to find out whether the treatment is safe for general use and whether it is actually effective against diseases. Participation in clinical trials is an important treatment option for many patients with mesothelioma as much of the currently used treatments offer little hope for a cure.
Mesothelioma is very resistant to treatment and medical experts believe that there could be an epidemic of mesothelioma cases in years to come. Clinical trials (research studies with people) are designed to find new treatments and better ways to use current treatments, raising hope for victims of this devastating disease. These are three important ongoing clinical trials for mesothelioma treatment.
1-Phase III Vorinostat (SAHA) clinical trial for progressive or relapsed malignant pleural mesothelioma patients. This trial is studying the use of chemotherapy drug vorinostat to kill cancerous cells and stop their division, it is also believed that the drug can inhibit enzymes that are needed by the cancerous cells for growth and multiplication. These studies are currently in the third phase to understand its effects on epithelial, sarcomatous, and recurrent mesothelioma. Phase III Vorinostat (SAHA) trials for progressive or relapsed malignant pleural mesothelioma patients are currently underway at the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA and Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center – NCI Clinical Studies Support, Bethesda, Maryland.
2-Phase II AZD2171 clinical trial for patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma Phase II AZD2171 for patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma is investigating the use of chemotherapy drugs to inhibit enzymes that slow the growth and block the supply of blood into the cancerous cells. Cancer cells depend on the formation of new blood vessels to bring blood that will supply the nutrients that they need for growth, new drugs are being studied that will inhibit the development of these new blood vessels. This study hopes to result in the development of drugs that will be used to treat epithelial, sarcomatous, advanced, and recurrent malignant mesothelioma. These clinical trials are underway in Arizona, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming.
3-Phase II clinical trial on the use of Pemetrexed Disodium with Gemcitabine or Carboplatin in advanced malignant mesothelioma patients. The Phase II clinical trial on the use of Pemetrexed Disodium with Gemcitabine or Carboplatin in advanced malignant mesothelioma patients clinical is a study to study the effects of chemotherapy drugs pemetrexed disodium, gemcitabine, and carboplatin on advanced and recurrent malignant mesothelioma. This study is in phase II and is being conducted in several locations across the country including Delaware, Florida Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
Mesothelioma victims should always endeavor to ask their oncologist about available clinical trials in their area.
Bello Kamorudeen. For more information on mesothelioma clinical trials go to http://www.mesotheliomacorner.blogspot.com
Article Source: Mesothelioma Clinical Trial-An overview of three important clinical trials
